Morphology of pollen grains 1 polarity the polar axis is the straight line between the distal and proximal poles of a pollen grain or a spore pollen grains can therefore be. Pdf pollen morphology of some species of the genus. A isopolar the proximal and distal faces of the exine are alike b heteropolar the distal and proximal faces of the exine are different, either in shape, ornamentation. Lm showing the optical cross section in pollen grain of plantago major l. Pollen terminology an illustrated handbook michael. Sem showing the pore in pollen grain with operculum and annulus in plantaga dancealate l. The present investigations are based on the pollen morphology of four species of clypeola in iran.
Pollen grains have a hard coat that protects the sperm cells during the process of their movement between the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants or from the male cone to the female cone of coniferous plants. This study aimed to determine the pollen grains morphology and morphometry in liliaceae. Pdf pollen morphology of some species belonging to. Pollen grains of the tribe pavetteae rubiaceae, subfamily ixoroideae are examined using lm and sem. It is a revised and extended edition of pollen terminology. The pollen morphology of subfamily caryophylloideae caryophyllaceae from different phytogeographical region of pakistan has been evaluated.
The descriptive qualitative research was used five different species from three genera as the sample, namely. In addition, we present data on the organic chemistry of the pollen wall, which was analysed by means. Sem photographs of pollen grains in codonopsis a, b codonopsis benthamii hook. It will not be an exaggeration if pollen morphology is referred to as the mother of palynological studies. Investigations on the pollen morphology of some date palm. Lm and sem studies on the pollen morphology of family anacardiaceae from chandrapur and gadchiroli districts of maharashtra state athavale pradeep s department of botany, bhalerao science college, saoner 441107, india.
Pollen morphology of the studied taxa of malvaceae 1 abelmoschus esculentus x 500 2hibiscus trionum x 750 3 hibiscus rosasinensis x 750 4 hibiscussp. Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of selected species. Hyde national museum of wales, cardiff received 22 may 1954 with i figure in the text the latin pollenmorphological terms and definitions put forward by erdtman 1943. Sem showing overall view of pollen grain of plantaga caranpus l. Pollen grain pollen is a fine to coarse powder containing micro gametophytes produce male gametes sperm cells.
Skvarla3 1department of biology and environmental sciences, georgia college and state university, milledgeville, ga 31061 2section of integrative biology and plant resources center, university of texas at austin, austin, tx 78712. Structure of pollen pollen itself is not the male gamete, but each pollen grain contains vegetative nonreproductive cells only a single cell in most flowering plants but several in other seed plants and a generative reproductive cell containing two nuclei. In this research, 16 species belong to 6 genera of subfamily caryophylloideae have been studied using light lm and scanning electron microscopy sem for both qualitative and quantitative characters. Pollen morphology pollen grains medicinal plants archive.
The pollen of all the species studied is spheroidal, uniformly tricolporate and echinate. Pollen morphology of the genus clypeola brassicaceae in iran. Pollen morphology of the platycodonoid group 775 figure 1. Pollen and seed morphology of rhinacanthus nees and sol. P p p p 1 pscience program, department of communication sciences and disorders, emerson college, boston, ma 02116 2 p harvard forest, harvard university, 324 north main street.
Lm and sem studies on the pollen morphology of family. Gadge baba amravati university campus have been examined by light and scanning. In most instances one specimen of each species was sampled. Scanning electron microscopy sem was applied to observe the morphology of liliaceae pollens. Sexine patterns vary between perforate, microreticulate, reticulate, rugulate and striato. Pollen morphology of the african sclerosperma arecaceae. Laboratory of biodiversity and apiculture, department of botany, bangalore university, bangalore560056, india abstract pollen taxonomy is the prerequisite to compare the pollen present in honey samples with special reference to. Pollen morphology and infrageneric classification of. Proper identification of pollen and spores both of living and fossil plants is a prerequisite for exploiting their applications. Pollen morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the.
The external pollen morphology of 95 species of the genus senecio, predominantly from southern africa, and 11 species from related genera of the subtribe senecioninae, was investigated using the scanning electron microscope. On the other hand, analysis based on upgma clustering, factor analysis. This video provides additional pollen miscellaneous morphological information. Moss herbarium, department of botany, university of the witwatersrand, p. An sem study of the external pollen morphology in senecio and some related genera in the subtribe senecioninae asteraceae. Based on the pollen morphology of sclerosperma presented herein it is clear that there are at least four different pollen morphologies produced by the three extant taxa.
In order to substantiate the methodological basis of pollen analysis in an archaeological context and to contribute to the pollen morphology of the family. It demonstrates the relationship in rank of families, tribes, genera and species 2. A novel approach to study the morphology and chemistry of. Pollen of 20 species in the plumbaginaceae table 3, 85 in the polygonaceae table 4 and 29 in the primulaceae table 5 was examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy sem, and transmission electron microscopy tem.
Morphological characteristics of pollen grains have been categorised into different groups. In berberis and mahonia the pollen morphology would support separate family status as well as congeneric treatment. Pollen grains of various species can vary quite a lot in size from about 10 to nearly 100 micrometer. The study revealed that palynological and seed morphological characters are of taxonomic significance in the genus. The pollen morphology and ultrastructure of 20 species, representing eight genera of the magnoliaceae are described based on observations with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Lamiaceae, lycopus, mentheae, pollen morphology, sem, systematics. Pollen morphology and its relationship to taxonomy of the. Description of each type, a key to investigated species as well as sem micrographs of pollen types is provided. Pdf pollen sem morphology in ophrys istriensis from. Pollen morphology and ultrastructure of calyceraceae melanie l. This second edition, titled illustrated pollen terminology shares additional insights into new and stunning aspects of palynology. Anthony e, f codonopsis meleagris diels g, h codonopsis subglobosa w. In this context, the general chapters have been critically revised, expanded and restructured. A contribution to distinguishing cereal from wild grass.
Pollen morphology of selected bee forage plants shubharani, r. Pollen morphology is one of the most important and fundamental branches of palynology. Sem photographs of the pollen grains of allium species. Pollen morphology of 53 taxa of the south american genus alstroemeria was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy lm and sem, respectively or only with sem in search of new characters that might contribute to infrageneric classification of this genus. The basic shape of the pollen grains with chemical treatment was subprolate, prolate and prolatespheroidal and the pollen grains were large 50 mm. After watching this video you should be able to identify unique morphological features that are less common on pollen. The pollen grains were single, but dyads were also found. Pollen morphology is studied using lm and sem and is important to visualize the general features of a pollen grain, including, e.
Nikolic and others published scanning electron microscopy study of pollen morphology of five sour cherry cultivars. Adaptability of scanning electron microscopy to studies of pollen. Pollen morphology of some species of genus astragalus l. The textual glossary is arranged alphabetically for faster term searches. While others confine their investigations to unacetolysed fresh ly. Pollen morphology and its taxonomic value in brachylaena. Pollen grains of 15 species of the genus sansevieria were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Pollen morphology gives an advantage for plant classification. Pdf pollen morphology of selected true mangrove species. We also presented the the results of morphological characteristics in table 4 and 5.
Pollen morphology of the pavetteae rubiaceae, ixoroideae. The species are hypericum elodeoides choisy in, hypericum oblongifo. Wits, johannesburg, 2050 republic of south africa charles e. Lm showing the optical cross section in pollen grain of plantaga coranpus l. Devore4 1section of integrative biology and plant resources center, university of texas at austin, austin, texas 78712 2department of botany. In general, each term is explained on a page of its own, including the definition, plant species, and, if needed, a comprehensive explanation. Baker botany department, university of leeds received 9 september 1954 with 4 figures in the text the name palynogram was introduced by erdtman 1951, 1952 to describe a standardized illustration of the morphology of a pollen grain or spore. On the basis of pollen morphology it is possible to recognize two groups in the genus. Nastanthus pollen grains are distinguished by angulaperturate apertures, colpar. Also examined and included are 38 additional taxa from the centrospermous families table 2. In part, the pollen data reinforce the traditional view of closely related pairs or small groups of genera. An sem study of the external pollen morphology in senecio. The morphology of the pollen grains and the exine structure were investigated using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.
Pollen morphology and pollen fertility estimation of three. The pollen grains are produced within the anther of. Pdf scanning electron microscopy study of pollen morphology of. Pollen morphology and its relationship to taxonomy of the genus sarracenia sarraceniaceae w. The pollen morphology of 15 species 34 specimens of the genus lycopus lam iaceae, mentheae was studied and documented in detail using light microscopy lm, scanning electron sem, and transmission electron microscopy tem. The use of the terms in lm, sem or tem and their assignment to anatomical, morphological andor functional pollen features are indicated by icons and color coding, respectively. Pollen morphology of the genus lycopus lamiaceae sekj. Scanning electron microscopy sem images of pollen grains morphology of date palm males phoenix dactylifera l.